Online: B0nes

Valve Spring Science

  • Grease Monkey
    Grease Monkey
    5 years ago
    Being the inquisitive bugga that I am I was digging around looking for info on the benifits of conical springs over straights and beehives, this video came to light, it's quite long but if you watch it you will learn a thing or two, if anyone wants to discuss what he has to say after watching it I'm in.
    https://youtu.be/uHw3mWYgO6M
  • Ratbob
    Ratbob
    5 years ago
    It’s gotta beat what on Tele. 
    Thanks for the link.
  • beaglebasher
    beaglebasher
    5 years ago
    The link isn't working 
  • Ratbob
    Ratbob
    5 years ago
    Quoting beaglebasher on 17 Sep 2019 09:31 AM

    The link isn't working 

    Yeah, ya gotta highlight/select it and click “look up”. Looks like an interesting series.
  • speedzter
    speedzter
    5 years ago
    That video put me to sleep the first time I watched it a few months ago. Had to speed it up to stay interested . He takes half an hour to say what you could in 10 minutes ! Not exactly " leaked new tech" 
    It's worth looking up a test with a Spintron to see the spring harmonics in effect.
  • Grease Monkey
    Grease Monkey
    5 years ago
    Nothing new under the sun they say, however I found the frequency comparison quite an eye opener, the old straight spring hardly changes but the other two ramp up significantly the further they are compressed and that's a desirable factor for a valve spring.
    Having seen pictures of many beehive valve spring failures I can't help but wonder if they way these springs are traditionally set up in a Harley head is perhaps a contributing factor?
    Every thing I have read or even been told personally about valve spring set ups is questioned in this video.
    This makes we wonder if the beehive springs are not being used to their full potential.
    As he said and the results showed that .025" from coil bind gives the best frequency result for conicals and beehives.
    Thinking perhaps the .060" from coil bind that is commonly trotted out for Harley heads is because that's what you need for the straight springs because of the lack of frequency damping to prevent damage?
  • Grease Monkey
    Grease Monkey
    5 years ago
    When they make something with a spring rate more applicable to our needs they have to be a winner for sure, a lot say the cost is not worth the gain but the actual cost per spring isn't that bad and a better mousetrap is a better mousetrap, there are some available in the ballpark but more for .600" lift, when you go over that there doesn't seem to be much unless over the nose pressure doesn't bother you, food for thought for sure.
  • Hoodeng
    Hoodeng
    5 years ago
    First up, if you are not interested in tech detail, don’t read this and tell me it’s boring in a later post, because it will be for a number of people.

    This topic is never ending in a way, so I will cover only what is asked here. David presents a very good video on springs, yes , he is a bit long winded but what you miss by only looking for detail in what he says loses a lot of story that he tells, I have done one of David’s seminars held in Sydney some time back, he tells a more holistic overview of the IC engine, if you want a heads only view of the engine go to a Darin Morgan seminar.
    David gives a good overview of what happens with various springs and their environment requirements, if you apply what he is saying to all Harley engines we would fill pages of spring discussion.

    Let’s just stick to post 05/6 TC requirements. As David discussed, there have been a lot of changes in spring technology in the past couple of years, high end ovate springs a few years were very expensive which are relatively common now, I am not talking about the beehives in the std TC engine, these springs are very good for their intended application of a production relatively low stress environment ,these things make around 124lb@1.850” ,139lb@1.800”,275lb@1.375” ,133lb@1.220” and finally  CB@1.160”, this spring will obviously take a lot more lift as indicated by the numbers but what is missing is the seat poundage [yes I know David makes a point of seat force being the correct description of seat loading but most reading this know what I mean] a seat loading dictates how the spring will behave at rpm, if the poundage is relatively low the valve will vibrate on the seat when it closes just for one thing. What also happens is that at high rpm we don’t have total valve train control ,a lot think this only relates to what they call valve bounce, this is only one condition experienced by a valve train not in control, another is lofting which is when the follower gets propelled off the lift ramp of the cam and then lands on the close ramp of the cam and as stated before vibrates when the valve seats. All these have a detrimental effect on valve seats, valve stem tips, retainer grooves, rocker tips, rocker buckets, pushrod tips, lifters and finally cam lobes and bearings.

    If you look in the SE catalogue you will see that there is no springs listed with less that 180lb seat pressure for performance applications, there is a good reason for this, the factory knows that effective valve control starts at the spring.

    There are a whole lot of other topics related to what can be discussed here just on these few items, so I will get you guys to fire specific questions and I we will see where it goes.

    Cheers.

  • Grease Monkey
    Grease Monkey
    5 years ago
    Thanks Hoody, questions, geeze I have a few but I will start with a ramble, stock or similar cams produce an amount of work for the stock beehive spring to control, the stock springs are mostly fine in this application because of their fit for purpose design, although at red line perhaps not so much! 
    Go up a notch with cams, think 37's, 48's, 57's or similar that are slightly higher in lift and have a little more duration and perhaps steeper ramps and the same springs can handle the task but do it better if you set them up to suit, at some stage in this cam swap scenario as the cams you want to use get bigger you are going to get to the point where you run out of spring/valve control where the cam exceeds the springs operating range, bind, rate etc. Remember, only talking about springs ok.
    Questions:
    1. Apart from experience is there a way, mathematical or otherwise to determine what rate of spring you need for a given higher lift cam for the spring to maintain control of the valve? Valve weight, seat pressure at 180, ramp angles and over the nose pressure factored in?
    2. Given what David had to say in the video should we be setting beehives closer to coil bind than is (anecdotally) accepted and if not why not? He does say .025" from coil bind gives the best frequency control, lowest I've seen recommended is .055", .060" is the usual figure.
    3. Away from beehives for a sec, while the stock straight springs in CVO 110's like mine are a good quality spring they are what they are in the spring tech hierarchy, why do Harley use them? Is it purely because of the intake valve weight requiring the higher rate they provide? I believe they have a seat pressure of around 150 ish, why that low when 180 is desirable?
    If I'm not making any sense tell me FFS, just trying to learn if I can.
    Cheers.

  • Hoodeng
    Hoodeng
    5 years ago
    The stock springs are ok to red line in the stock engine because the limiter is sub 6K, the motor noses over pretty well by then so there is no merit is wringing its neck.
    As you point out there are a lot of cams that are referred to as ‘bolt in’  that is exactly what they are, they will bolt in with stock springs, stock pushrods, lifters etc and enhance the engine quite a bit, they need no extra attention to clearancing or installation but bear in mind there is still that sub 6K recommendation with them from Andrews and if you look at the SE dyno graphs most stop at 6K for bolt on stuff, when you get to 259 cams there is a spring replacement recommended.
    All SE springs listed have a head recommendation which makes installation pretty easy, the kit still recommends all dimensions are to be checked [ I would bet a large percentage of these spec sheets are not even read let alone checked against the heads to be used]   I have had discussions with people that insist that as the springs are new there is nothing to check, all I can guess is their fingers haven’t been toasted yet.

    Answer to 1 ,  To get into the science of springs pertaining to the product we work on is not really necessary, the cam manufacturers that supply to HD have spring recommendations, if its SE they give a recommended kit part number, if its S&S they will give a recommended kit part number, if it’s Andrews they will give a spring parameter requirement that a number of springs will fall easily into, the amount of spring manufacturers that manufacture to suit HD is quite large. If you are interested in the science of springs buy yourself a Performance Trends Plus tester and software.

    Answer to 2,   If you look at what David is talking about regarding frequency control, our engine don’t usually get into the rpm territory where this is a consideration, yes we can run these spring tighter but then we will see our seat pressure climb into stellar figures, don’t forget a lot of springs made for our application will cover lift ranges .580” to .640” the pressure variance in .060” for an installed height can be up to 40lb this can take a seat pressure from 180lb to 220lb which is getting up there a bit for street. If you look at David’s spring graph you will see the spring pressures go stellar when he nears .025” .
    In most heads for a decent street engine I would aim for 180lb on the seat, full lift pressure would be whatever the spring makes, if it’s a Comp double with damper set at 180lb@ 1.860” that would be around 429lb for .600” lift, If it’s a Kibblewhite ovate beehive set at 180lb @1.860” it would be around 361lb for .600” lift, the beehive has less inertia that the double so can run a lower full lift pressure.
    So what we install comes down to what are we working on and what do we need, mind you once you go over .675” lift in a TC engine you are in a whole new spring territory, if we install 1.7 rockers over a .675” cam we get .717” lift, some heads are singing at this lift point and to not lift them there is a loss of potential, but, now we need Zippers pro wire springs, these have a lower bind height and a few other dimensions that work to our favour. Don’t forget when we are getting into large diameter valves and heavily modified heads we will use longer stem valves that will give us installation margin.

    3,   I would be more worried about the spring on the exhaust than the inlet, that’s the one that crashes if the engine goes well over the limiter, remember the inlet valve chases the piston, the piston chases the exhaust valve,,you don’t want it to catch up.

    Springs used by Harley in their performance applications are all very good quality springs whether they are beehive or multiples, they can be used with confidence in any application Harley refers them to.
    One thing to keep in mind is when you use multiples in stock heads there can be spring retainer to rocker box clearance issues, so beehives fit in a lot easier, it’s no problem to grind clearance when the engine is apart. In the rocker boxes supplied with SE heads the box is relieved for the springs.
    As for what is the best spring??  Any good spring that suits an application is the right spring, in 8mm heads I use Kibblewhite beehives and Comp Cams dual with dampers or Comp duals, in 7mm its Kibblewhite, Comp or AV&V, in 6mm it’s all AV&V.

    Cheers.

  • speedzter
    speedzter
    5 years ago
    What I find interesting, is the "one spring fits all"  ideology .
    A set of springs are chosen (mainly on lift requirements ) , the installed height is set-up, and
    then you fit any Cam you like that is within the max safe lift range.
    Obviously there is more to it than that, but you get the point.

    In my SE 110 style heads, I have AV&V .650 beehive springs fitted.
    These heads are running a 2.12" intake valve.
    Another set of ported stock style heads I have are running the same springs.

    Consider the difference in the valve weight between the large 2.12" intake valve and the 1.61" exhaust valve
    in the stock style head, yet they both run the same spring.
    Wouldn't you think they would require different springs to work efficiently ?

  • Hoodeng
    Hoodeng
    5 years ago
    Making a spring for individual applications would be cost prohibitive , we are not really pushing the boundaries of spring technology with our application, we need good quality springs that will work within the parameters that we have.
    Your AV&V springs are more than adequate for your application.
    Yes, the weight difference between a 2.120" and a 1.900" inlet is there but its not as big as you think. The seat load is more important.The exhaust although lighter will benefit from a bit more spring force.

    Cheers.
  • Grease Monkey
    Grease Monkey
    5 years ago
    When I mentioned stock springs/heads and redline in my head I was thinking stage 1 bike, first thing a lot do is change exhaust and intake along with a tune flashed in that could well have the redline at 6500 and wring it's neck, no power but they will spin up there.
    Reason I asked if there was a method of choosing the right rate of spring for a given cam is that some cams have steeper ramps like say a leineweber and it stands to reason a faster spring would help the lifter stay on the cam over the nose and on the way down rather than be lofted and land on the back on the way down where as a gentler ramped cam could get away with less pressure and be more friendly to longevity.
    I see that there are a few differences in poundage at different installed heights for different springs supplied by different vendors to so I guess it's not all one size fits all, there are options.
    On the CVO duel springs I figure I didn't word my question very well, what I ment is given the beehive spring is considered a technically better design why do Harley continue to use the dual spring instead of an appropriate beehive for the application? Is it because of the rate or are there other considerations?
    Thanks for the input to date gents, appreciate it.
  • Hoodeng
    Hoodeng
    5 years ago
    The main reason i put a new set of springs in any head is that i am dealing with a know quantity, same with valves in some circumstances. Brand name products buys some insurance. Many years ago there was  a bit of a track record emerging with some OEM parts,not a failure issue but a deterioration issue that started the binning the consumables thing.

    As for chasing a more aggressive rising rate in the springs goes , that is usually supplied with the change to higher performance parts, if you look at the SE offerings they tell a story of what is required with cam changes.

    CVO springs from the factory are a very good product, that said the CVO type heads have been around for a long time, and yes i know the video showed them testing what were very late model heads and everything looking good,[a lot of guys would look at that video and if the test shows the springs in the tester being fit for re use obviously theirs still must be ok] there are a whole lot more of earlier heads out there that show up for mods that when tested show the original parts fitted are probably past their prime...Springs wear out, not in the traditional sense of failure or abrading wear but in the sense of spring settling which means the forces exerted are going off.
    In one of my earlier posts i gave some test poundage's of stock beehive springs, if you look at the numbers starting out from coil bind you will see a couple of options that are present in that spring, it is those options that show me that the spring although fine in its intended use really has no place in what i would expect to hand back to a customer.

    Cheers.
  • Grease Monkey
    Grease Monkey
    5 years ago
    Yep I understand on the loosing force over time, seen that often when rebuilding cat diesels, I understand starting with a known component, your reputation is on the line, I would do the same.
    Will test mine to see what I have and go from there, before seeing that video that I thought I would have to change mine for certain because of the 263E's .637" lift.
    If they are not up to scratch then I will have to sort something out, RAMS has AV&V in doubles and beehives in stock, they are only an overnight bag away, can't find a supplier for the kibbles with caps and locks for my 5/16 stems.
    The figures you put up earlier are stock 05 up beehives yes?


  • Hoodeng
    Hoodeng
    5 years ago
    Yes, they are the 18245-02 specs. They were first used in the Sportster engine.
    A bit of spring history, valve springs up to the late 60's were a Achilles heel in some respects to the point some aero engines had quad spring sets to ensure redundancy,then a metal called 'Vasco Jet' was developed,this created a whole new ball field for spring technology, another big leap some years ago that got the ovate wire technology a new leap was the development of 'triple melt Kobe steel'.

    Cheers.